Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by serum 25(OH)D

n

186

406

-

Age (years)

46 (12)

45 (15)

0.35

Aboriginal (%)

168 (90%)

255 (63%)

Torres Strait Islander (%)

18 (10%)

151 (37%)

<0.001

Male (%)

71 (38%)

150 (37%)

0.78

Current smoker (%)

77 (42%)

169 (42%)

0.97

Diabetes (%)

100 (54%)

148 (36%)

<0.001

Past History CVD (%)

28 (16%)

34 (9%)

0.014

BMI (kg/m²)

30.5 (7.1)

29.5 (7.3)

0.15

Waist Hip ratio

0.97 (0.09)

0.92 (0.09)

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

122 (19)

115 (16)

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

77 (11)

73 (10)

<0.001

25(OH)D (nmol/L)

37 (9)

74 (20)

<0.001

HbA1c (%, mmol/mol)

6.3 (5.9-7.8) 45 (40–62)

5.9 (5.5-6.7) 41 (37–50)

<0.001

HDL chol (mmol/L)

1.0 (0.8-1.2)

1.1 (0.9-1.3)

0.29

Total chol: HDL chol

4.5 (3.6-5.8)

4.4 (3.6-5.7)

0.21

Troponin (μg/L)

3.0 (3.0-5.2)

3.0 (3.0-5.7)

0.10

mGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

104 (76–123)

102 (84–119)

0.50

mGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² (%)

39 (21%)

63 (16%)

0.10

Urine ACR (mg/mmol)

2.7 (0.9-81)

1.5 (0.7-10)

<0.001