Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels are elevated but do not contribute to insulin resistance in newly diagnosed Chinese hypertensive patients

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study subjects

	NC (n = 64)	HP (n = 127)	HPO (n = 140)	p-value
Age (yr)	46.9 ± 7.6	48.2 ± 8.6	47.7 ± 8.8	0.602*
Sex (M/F)	97/43	84/43	44/20	0.852^#
BMI (kg/m²)	22.2 ± 1.3	22.5 ± 1.7	27.8 ± 1.9^ab	0.000*
WC (cm)	81.1 ± 5.4	83.0 ± 6.7^c	94.7 ± 6.0^ab	0.000*
WHR	0.88 ± 0.05	0.90 ± 0.05^c	0.94 ± 0.05^ab	0.000*
SBP (mmHg)	116.5 ± 11.4	151.7 ± 11.7^a	155.8 ± 14.7^ad	0.000*
DBP (mmHg)	74.5 ± 7.7	97.0 ± 9.4^a	98.8 ± 11.4^a	0.000*
UA (µmol/l)	294.2 ± 67.7	323.0 ± 78.8^c	384.8 ± 91.4^ab	0.000*
TG (mmol/l)	1.39 ± 0.65	1.93 ± 1.07^a	2.43 ± 1.27^ab	0.000*
TC (mmol/l)	5.31 ± 0.95	5.38 ± 0.92	5.40 ± 0.97	0.658*
LDL-C (mmol/l)	2.53 ± 0.60	2.70 ± 0.58	2.72 ± 0.63	0.176*
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.60 ± 0.28	1.53 ± 0.33	1.42 ± 0.33^ab	0.001*
FBG (mmol/l)	5.45 ± 0.42	5.42 ± 0.57	5.64 ± 0.56^bc	0.003*
FINS (pmol/l)	8.4 ± 3.90	10.7 ± 3.57^a	14.6 ± 5.40^ab	0.000*
HOMA-IR	2.06 ± 1.06	2.60 ± 1.00^a	3.66 ± 1.40^ab	0.000*
HOMA-β	87.4 ± 32.7	119.7 ± 48.8^a	149.5 ± 83.9^a	0.000*
Smoking (%)	32.8%	37.0%	33.6%	0.788^#
Drinking (%)	26.6%	34.7%	51.4%^ab	0.001^#

Data represent means ± SD or frequency (percentage).
TG, FINS and HOMA-IR were log transformed before analysis.
*Analysis of variance; ^# chi-squared test.
^ap < 0.01 compared with NC.
^bp < 0.01 compared with HP.
^cp < 0.05 compared with NC.
^dp < 0.05 compared with HP.
NC, normal control subject; HP, hypertension with obesity; HPO, HP with obesity; BMI, body mass index; WC, Waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WHR, waist hip ratio; UA, uric acid; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FINS, fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR, HOMA-insulin resistance index; HOMA-β, HOMA β cell function index.

ISSN: 1758-5996