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Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects

From: Prevalence and clinical characteristics of lower limb atherosclerotic lesions in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-onset diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Control subjects (n = 62)

Type 1 diabetes (n = 53)

Ketosis-onset diabetes (n = 208)

Non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (n = 215)

p values

*p values

Male (%)

43 (69.4%)

31 (58.5%)

153 (73.6%)

122 (56.7%)

0.002

0.030

Age (years)

47 ± 11

49 ± 18

49 ± 15

56 ± 14

<0.001

<0.001

Smoking (n, %)

38 (61.3%)

17 (32.1%)

84 (40.4%)

65 (30.2%)

<0.001

0.001

Alcohol (n, %)

40 (64.5%)

14 (26.4%)

37 (17.8%)

36 (16.7%)

<0.001

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

25 (40.3%)

11 (20.8%)

81 (38.9%)

98 (45.6%)

0.011

0.035

CCEs (%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.8%)

10 (4.8%)

31 (14.4%)

0.002

0.023

LLDs (%)

15 (24.2%)

10 (18.9%)

63 (30.3%)

70 (32.6%)

0.641

0.712

AHDs (%)

19 (30.6%)

8 (15.1%)

68 (32.7%)

95 (44.2%)

0.012

0.029

Aspirin (%)

8 (12.9%)

18 (34.0%)

66 (31.7%)

74 (34.4%)

0.009

0.013

BMI (kg/m2)

24.14 ± 3.67

22.34 ± 4.35

25.05 ± 3.54

25.16 ± 3.59

<0.001

<0.001

WHR

0.92 ± 0.07

0.89 ± 0.07

0.91 + 0.06

0.91 + 0.06

0.019

0.475

**Weight category

    

<0.001

<0.001

Underweight

3 (4.4%)

8 (15.1%)

3 (1.4%)

2 (0.9%)

——

——

Overweight

20 (32.3%)

6 (11.3%)

48 (23.1%)

49 (22.8%)

——

——

Obesity

22 (35.5%)

11 (20.8%)

97 (46.6%)

109 (50.7%)

——

——

SBP (mmHg)

124 ± 16

125 ± 17

127 ± 15

130 ± 17

0.042

0.146

DBP (mmHg)

78 ± 12

79 ± 10

81 ± 11

81 ± 9

0.101

0.023

*TG (mmol/l)

1.18 (0.88-1.92)

1.21 (0.84-1.55)

1.44 (1.00-2.19)

1.49 (1.08-2.21)

0.001

0.019

TC (mmol/l)

4.84 ± 1.02

4.83 ± 1.09

5.03 ± 1.22

4.82 ± 1.22

0.323

0.695

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.28 ± 0.35

1.13 ± 0.26

1.05 ± 0.27

1.11 ± 0.25

<0.001

<0.001

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.71 ± 0.88

3.24 ± 0.97

3.40 ± 1.03

3.12 ± 0.97

<0.001

0.075

*Cr (μmol/l)

71 (56–82)

59 (48–79)

68 (58–80)

67 (54–79)

0.036

0.442

*UAE (mg/24 h)

——

9.9 (7.1-18.1)

10.3 (6.5-23.8)

8.9 (6.4-24.8)

0.823

0.917

*eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

103 (93–116)

109 (89–136)

112 (92–134)

98 (82–118)

0.432

0.588

*FPG (mmol/l)

4.96 (4.67-5.24)

7.99 (6.02-11.44)

9.74 (7.63-12.45)

7.53 (6.39-9.67)

<0.001

<0.001

*2 h PPG (mmol/l)

5.84 (5.04-6.58)

14.66 (10.49-19.61)

16.66 (12.94-20.79)

13.14 (10.39-16.66)

<0.001

<0.001

*FCP (ng/mL)

2.05 (1.6-3.03)

0.6 (0.3-0.84)

1.23 (0.74-1.92)

2.02 (1.36-2.93)

<0.001

0.030

*2 h C-P (ng/mL)

7.99 (6.56-9.92)

0.92 (0.62-1.77)

2.31 (1.55-3.66)

4.65 (3.12-6.35)

<0.001

0.004

HA1C (%)

5.3 ± 0.34

12.39 ± 2.36

11.83 ± 2.05

9.81 ± 2.58

<0.001

<0.001

  1. Values are presented as mean ± SD, median with interquartile range, or percentages. *Non-normal distribution of continuous variables. **Weight was divided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), overweight (23 to 24.9 kg/m2), and obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) based on Asia-Pacific criteria.
  2. P value: The p-values were not adjusted for age and sex for the trend.
  3. *P value: The *p value were adjusted by age and sex for the trend.
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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