|
Age (years)
|
39.1 ± 11.6
|
40.9 ± 10.5
|
0.426†
|
|
Caucasian (%)
|
92.6
|
78.8
|
0.117‡
|
|
Male (%)
|
35.2
|
71.2
|
<0.001‡
|
|
Diabetes duration (years)
|
18.2 ± 9.5
|
17.8 ± 8.1
|
0.378†
|
|
Current smoking (%)
|
13.0
|
3.8
|
0.092‡
|
|
Frequency of exercise: level 1* (%)
|
61.1
|
34.6
|
0.028‡
|
|
Current alcohol intake (%)
|
44.4
|
42.3
|
0.824‡
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.3 ± 3.6
|
24.5 ± 3.4
|
0.549†
|
|
Waist circumference (cm)
| | | |
|
Female
|
78.9 ± 9.2
|
81.0 ± 8.6
|
0.448†
|
|
Male
|
84.7 ± 8.4
|
86.0 ± 9.6
|
0.607†
|
|
Insulin (UI/kg)
|
0.8 ± 0.3
|
0.6 ± 0.2
|
0.012†
|
|
Office systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
125.1 ± 15.0
|
124.6 ± 17.6
|
0.867†
|
|
Office diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
|
75.4 ± 11.7
|
74.3 ± 9.6
|
0.610†
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
46.3
|
32.7
|
0.152‡
|
|
Presence of nephropathy (%)
|
16.7
|
11.5
|
0.449‡
|
|
Presence of diabetic retinopathy (%)
|
44.4
|
32.7
|
0.214‡
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)
|
197.7 ± 132.0
|
200.2 ± 109.7
|
0.915†
|
|
HbA1c test (%)
|
9.1 ± 2.1
|
9.0 ± 1.9
|
0.752†
|
|
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
190.4 ± 32.5
|
185.1 ± 36.7
|
0.434†
|
|
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
| | | |
|
Female
|
66.1 ± 14.9
|
69.1 ± 15.5
|
0.542†
|
|
Male
|
50.3 ± 10.2
|
53.4 ± 13.7
|
0.354†
|
|
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)
|
112.0 ± 26.3
|
111.7 ± 38.6
|
0.959†
|
|
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
|
82.0 (59.8-114.2)
|
79.5 (57.8-114.8)
|
0.799†
|
|
hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
1.9 (1.0-4.4)
|
0.7 (0.4-2.4)
|
0.002†
|
|
Fibrinogen (mg/dl)
|
361.0 (311.5-448.0)
|
349.0 (271.0-410.0)
|
0.062†
|
|
UAEr (mg/24-h)
|
7.9 (0.0-21.9)
|
6.0 (0.0-12.0)
|
0.604†
|
|
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)
|
0.9 ± 0.4
|
0.9 ± 0.3
|
0.721†
|
|
eGDR (mg. kg– 1. min– 1)
|
7.76 ± 2.04
|
7.58 ± 2.59
|
0.700†
|
