< 20 g/d | ≥ 20 g/d | P | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 54 | 52 | |
Age (years) | 39.1 ± 11.6 | 40.9 ± 10.5 | 0.426† |
Caucasian (%) | 92.6 | 78.8 | 0.117‡ |
Male (%) | 35.2 | 71.2 | <0.001‡ |
Diabetes duration (years) | 18.2 ± 9.5 | 17.8 ± 8.1 | 0.378† |
Current smoking (%) | 13.0 | 3.8 | 0.092‡ |
Frequency of exercise: level 1* (%) | 61.1 | 34.6 | 0.028‡ |
Current alcohol intake (%) | 44.4 | 42.3 | 0.824‡ |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.6 | 24.5 ± 3.4 | 0.549† |
Waist circumference (cm) | |||
Female | 78.9 ± 9.2 | 81.0 ± 8.6 | 0.448† |
Male | 84.7 ± 8.4 | 86.0 ± 9.6 | 0.607† |
Insulin (UI/kg) | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.012† |
Office systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.1 ± 15.0 | 124.6 ± 17.6 | 0.867† |
Office diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.4 ± 11.7 | 74.3 ± 9.6 | 0.610† |
Hypertension (%) | 46.3 | 32.7 | 0.152‡ |
Presence of nephropathy (%) | 16.7 | 11.5 | 0.449‡ |
Presence of diabetic retinopathy (%) | 44.4 | 32.7 | 0.214‡ |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 197.7 ± 132.0 | 200.2 ± 109.7 | 0.915† |
HbA1c test (%) | 9.1 ± 2.1 | 9.0 ± 1.9 | 0.752† |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 190.4 ± 32.5 | 185.1 ± 36.7 | 0.434† |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | |||
Female | 66.1 ± 14.9 | 69.1 ± 15.5 | 0.542† |
Male | 50.3 ± 10.2 | 53.4 ± 13.7 | 0.354† |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 112.0 ± 26.3 | 111.7 ± 38.6 | 0.959† |
Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 82.0 (59.8-114.2) | 79.5 (57.8-114.8) | 0.799† |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.9 (1.0-4.4) | 0.7 (0.4-2.4) | 0.002† |
Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 361.0 (311.5-448.0) | 349.0 (271.0-410.0) | 0.062† |
UAEr (mg/24-h) | 7.9 (0.0-21.9) | 6.0 (0.0-12.0) | 0.604† |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.721† |
eGDR (mg. kg– 1. min– 1) | 7.76 ± 2.04 | 7.58 ± 2.59 | 0.700† |