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Table 1 Clinical and laboratory profile of subjects with type 1 diabetes, stratified by median total fiber intake

From: Fiber intake and inflammation in type 1 diabetes

 

< 20 g/d

≥ 20 g/d

P

n

54

52

 

Age (years)

39.1 ± 11.6

40.9 ± 10.5

0.426†

Caucasian (%)

92.6

78.8

0.117‡

Male (%)

35.2

71.2

<0.001‡

Diabetes duration (years)

18.2 ± 9.5

17.8 ± 8.1

0.378†

Current smoking (%)

13.0

3.8

0.092‡

Frequency of exercise: level 1* (%)

61.1

34.6

0.028‡

Current alcohol intake (%)

44.4

42.3

0.824‡

BMI (kg/m2)

24.3 ± 3.6

24.5 ± 3.4

0.549†

Waist circumference (cm)

   

  Female

78.9 ± 9.2

81.0 ± 8.6

0.448†

  Male

84.7 ± 8.4

86.0 ± 9.6

0.607†

Insulin (UI/kg)

0.8 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.2

0.012†

Office systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

125.1 ± 15.0

124.6 ± 17.6

0.867†

Office diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75.4 ± 11.7

74.3 ± 9.6

0.610†

Hypertension (%)

46.3

32.7

0.152‡

Presence of nephropathy (%)

16.7

11.5

0.449‡

Presence of diabetic retinopathy (%)

44.4

32.7

0.214‡

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

197.7 ± 132.0

200.2 ± 109.7

0.915†

HbA1c test (%)

9.1 ± 2.1

9.0 ± 1.9

0.752†

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

190.4 ± 32.5

185.1 ± 36.7

0.434†

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

   

  Female

66.1 ± 14.9

69.1 ± 15.5

0.542†

  Male

50.3 ± 10.2

53.4 ± 13.7

0.354†

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

112.0 ± 26.3

111.7 ± 38.6

0.959†

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

82.0 (59.8-114.2)

79.5 (57.8-114.8)

0.799†

hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.9 (1.0-4.4)

0.7 (0.4-2.4)

0.002†

Fibrinogen (mg/dl)

361.0 (311.5-448.0)

349.0 (271.0-410.0)

0.062†

UAEr (mg/24-h)

7.9 (0.0-21.9)

6.0 (0.0-12.0)

0.604†

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.9 ± 0.4

0.9 ± 0.3

0.721†

eGDR (mg. kg– 1. min– 1)

7.76 ± 2.04

7.58 ± 2.59

0.700†

  1. Data expressed as means ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%). *Level 1 = sedentary.
  2. hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reative protein; UAE, urinary albumin excretion rate; eGDR equation glucose disposal rate. † Student’s t test; ‡ chi-square test.