Table 2 Clinical characteristics of randomized participants in SPIKE
Parameters | Â |
|---|---|
Gender (females/males) (%) | 109 / 165 (39.8 / 60.2) |
Age (years) | 63.7 ± 9.8 |
Current smoking | 59 (21.5) |
Current alcohol | 121 (44.2) |
Hypertension | 161 (58.8) |
Dyslipidemia | 174 (63.5) |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 17.3 ± 8.6 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.0 ± 1.0 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 154.0 ± 48.9 |
C-peptide immunoreactivity (ng/ml) | 1.2 ± 0.8 |
Glucagon (pg/ml) | 80.5 ± 25.1 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 ± 4.0 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.1 ± 15.0 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.9 ± 11.5 |
Total-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 192.5 ± 34.3 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 55.1 ± 14.5 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 129.3 ± 100.7 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 108.9 ± 28.7 |
Remnant-like particle lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 5.1 ± 6.3 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
urinary albumin excretion (mg/g Cr) | 19.3 [8.3-83.7]* |
Serum uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.3 ± 1.3 |
Amylase (U/l) | 70.0 ± 34.5 |
Serum ICAM-1(ng/ml) | 235.8 ± 90.9 |
Serum VCAM-1(ng/ml) | 833.6 ± 340.3 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.8 [1.2-2.9]* |
hsCRP (mg/dl) | 0.050 [0.024-0.116]* |
Number of insulin injections | Â |
   <2/day | 100 |
   >3/day | 174 |
Oral glucose-lowering agents | 169 (61.7) |
   Metformin | 97 (35.4) |
   Sulfonylurea | 32 (11.7) |
   Glinides | 21 (7.7) |
   Thiazolidinedones | 24 (8.8) |
   α-glucosidase inhibitor | 83 (30.3) |
Anti-hypertensive drugs | 147 (53.6) |
   ACE inhibitors | 12 (4.4) |
   ARBs | 122 (44.5) |
   Thiazides | 25 (9.1) |
   CCB | 84 (30.7) |
   Others | 18 (6.6) |
Lipid-lowering agents | 145 (52.9) |
   Statins | 129 (47.1) |
   Fibrates | 6 (2.2) |
   Others | 25 (9.1) |
Anti-thrombotic agents | 61 (22.3) |
   Antiplatelets | 58 (21.2) |
   Anticoagulants | 11 (4.0) |