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Table 2 Laboratory and clinical variables and arterial stiffness markers by ischemic stroke subtype in subjects with ischemic stroke and metabolic syndrome and in patients with acute ischemic stroke without metabolic syndrome

From: Immune-inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke with and without metabolic syndrome

Variable

Lacunar

P

LAAS

P

CEI

P

Number

With metabolic syndrome (n: 49)

Without metabolic syndrome (n 52)

 

With metabolic syndrome (n: 45)

Without metabolic syndrome (n: 37)

 

With metabolic syndrome (n:32)

Without metabolic syndrome (n:35)

 

SBP/DBP (mm/Hg)

148±6.5/94±4.5

144±45/9235

0.020

146±3.4 /93±4.5

145.5/91±2.9

0.89

144±3.8/ 90±3.1

143±2.8/90±4.1

0.71

Diabetes (n/%)

27 (55.10 )

22 (42.30)

0.025

19 (42.22 )

17 (45.94)

0.71

9 ( 28.13)

10 (28.57 )

0.51

Hypertension (n/%)

29 (59.18 )

28 (53.84)

0.040

19 (41.30 )

20 (54.05)

0.013

14 ( 43.75)

12 (34.28)

0.011

Previous stroke (n/%)

19 (38.77)

14 (26.92)

0.010

16 (34.78)

10 (27.02)

0.041

11 (34.37)

9 (25.71)

0.027

AIx (%)

116. 3.5

112 ± 2.8

0.030

111±3.7

108±2.9

0.031

108±4.4

107±3.5

0.021

PWV (m/sec)

14.45±2.6

12.81 ±2.1

0.030

11.2 ± 2.31

10.4 ± 2.22

0.030

11.48 ± 1.98

11.25±2,65

0.030

NIHSS

17.65±14.59

15.64 ± 8.73

0.021

22.51±16.06

19.00±12.72

0.034

25.23±8.78

22.23±8.78

0.023

CAD (n/%)

18 (36.73)

14 (26.92)

0.011

16 (35.5)

12 ( 32.43)

0.71

8 (25)

8 (20)

0.07

Micro-albuminuria (n/%)

21 (42.85)

17 (32.76)

0.02

17 (37.77)

9 (24.37)

0.03

9 ( 28.12)

7 (20)

0.045

Carotid plaque (n/%)

14 (28.57)

9 (17.30 )

0.031

16 (35.55)

11 ( 29.79 )

0.023

7 (21.87)

5 (14.28 )

0.02

LVH (n/%)

11 (22.44)

14 (26.92)

0.021

9 (20)

6 (16.27 )

0.011

10 ( 31.25)

9 (25.71)

0.03

Previous brain infarct at neuro-imaging

18 (36.73)

12 (23.07)

0.011

14 (30.43)

9 ( 24.32)

0.021

9 (28.12)

7 (20)

0.02

WMHLS (n/%)

19 (38.77)

14 (26.92)

0.021

13 (28.26)

8 (21.62)

0.032

11 (34.37)

8 (22.85 )

0.021

CRP (mg/dl)

4.1 ± 2,3

3.5 ± 2.0

0.011

5.0 ± 1.8

3.9 ± 2.1

0.018

5.8 ± 1.6

4.1 ± 1.5

0.020

IL-1-beta (pg/ml)

7 (5-11)

5.2 (3-8)

0.012

9 (5-12)

7.9 (4.5-12)

0.017

12 (6-17)

10.8 (6-14)

0.021

IL-6 (pg/ml)

9.8 (6,5-19)

8 (6-21)

0.021

12 (6-27)

10.4 (5-23.5)

0.014

13.5 (5-31)

10.2 (4-26)

0.019

TNF-α (pg/ml)

29.5 (9.5-33)

23.5 (8. 5-29)

0.025

41.5 (11.25-47)

37.5 (11.6-41)

0.031

43.5 (21-58)

35.5 (20-50)

<0.05

E-selectin (ng/ml)

5.05 (1.8-5.7)

3.25 (1.7-5.7)

<0.05

4.85 (1.96-7.9)

2.75 (1.6-5.6)

<0.05

4.15 (2.2-4.1)

3.55 (2.1-4.1)

0.011

P-selectin (ng/ml)

4.5 (2-6.8)

3.1 (2-4.7)

0.022

5.4 (2-8.0)

4.3 (2.7-6)

0.034

6.2 (3-8.9)

4.9 (2-7.5)

0.018

VICAM-1 (ng/ml)

19 (10.1-21)

15 (8.1-22)

0.031

17.5 (9.2-20)

15 (8.2-19.8)

0.022

19 (10.1-25)

17.8 (11.1-23)

0.041

ICAM-1 (ng/ml)

20.8 (15.2-27 )

15.8 (10.2-17 )

<0.05

18.9 (11.2-23)

16.9 (9.8-20)

0.028

22.6 (12.2-29)

21.3 (10-27)

0.021

IL-10 (pg/ml)

2.95 (2-7)

3.15 (2-8)

0.45

2.96 (2-7)

3.17 (2-6)

0.52

3.2 (2-9)

23.2 (2-9)

0.39

vWF (ng/ml)

12 (4-19)

9 (4-16)

<0.05

14 (5-19)

11 (5-16)

<0.05

14 (6-18)

12 (6-18)

0.023

PAI-1 (pg/ml)

145 (97.5-178)

137 (98.5-149)

<0.05

139 (79.4-165)

128(91.5-135)

<0.05

139 (99.0-145)

109 (99.0-145)

<0.05

TPA (pg/ml)

28 (16.15-39)

24 (12.15-35)

0.021

26.7 (11.4-31)

22 (10.5-29)

0.031

24 (12.1-47)

20 (10.1-39)

0.021

  1. SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; AIx: augmentation index; PWV: pulse wave velocity; SSS: Scandinavian Stroke Scale score; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ; Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs); CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: congestive heart failure; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; WMHLS: white matter hypertension lesions.
  2. Demographic and history data are expressed as n° (percentage).