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Table 1 Subjects’ demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics according to the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS)

From: Major components of metabolic syndrome and adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study

 

Porto Alegre cohort MS

São Paulo cohort MS

 

Absence

Presence

P valuea

Absence

Presence

P valuea

N

36

136

-

38

382

-

Female sex

28 (78%)

96 (71%)

0.531

10 (26%)

181 (47%)

0.010

Age (years)

48 ± 12

54 ± 11

0.010

59 ± 12

60 ± 10

0.647

Etnicity (% of white)

28 (78%)

114 (84%)

0.676

20 (51%)

233 (61%)

0.286

Tabagism

5 (14%)

18 (13%)

0.740

26 (67%)

302 (79%)

0.334

Habitual alcohol consumption

3 (8%)

11 (8%)

0.937

5 (13%)

10 (3%)

0.016

Physical activity

  

0.082

  

0.061

 Sedentary

17 (46%)

79 (58%)

 

18 (46%)

111 (29%)

 

 Active (≥150 min per week)

19 (54%)

57 (42%)

 

21 (54%)

271 (71%)

 

BMI (Kg/m2)

28 ± 6

33 ± 6

-

23 ± 3

29 ± 5

-

 Overweight

12 (33%)

48 (36%)

-

9 (24%)

130 (34%)

-

 Obesity

12 (33%)

79 (59%)

-

1 (3%)

149 (39%)

-

Waist circumference (cm)

      

 Females

91.4 ± 14.2

105.5 ± 12.5

-

80.7 ± 8.0

97.8 ± 12.4

-

 Males

101.1 ± 16.8

106.7 ± 11.8

-

84.9 ± 6.2

100.6 ± 1.1

-

Glucose Tolerance Status

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

 Normal Glucose Tolerance

32 (89%)

16 (12%)

 

20 (53%)

50 (13%)

 

 Prediabetes

1(3%)

76 (56%)

 

12 (32%)

123 (31%)

 

 Type 2 diabetes

3 (8%)

44 (32%)

 

6 (16%)

209 (56%)

 

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

91 ± 11

114 ± 41

-

100 ± 24

126 ± 47

-

2 h-plasma glucose (mg/dL)

111 ± 43

191 ± 81

-

-

-

-

HbA1c (%)

5.5 ± 0.6

6.4 ± 1.2

0.001

5.7 ± 0.8

6.9 ± 1.6

<0.001

HOMA-IR

1.6 (1.1 – 2.4)

3.3 (1.9 – 4.7)

0.002

0.5 (0.3 – 0.6)

1 (0.6 – 1.6)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

201 ± 41

205 ± 42

0.749

272 ± 48

270 ± 54

0.861

HDL- cholesterol (mg/dL)

55 ± 13

47 ± 12

-

46 ± 12

38 ± 10

-

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

100 ± 40

162 ± 91

-

96 ± 26

163 ± 92

-

US-CRP (mg/L)

1.8 (1.5 – 4.6)

4.0 (5.4 – 8.3)

0.003

-

-

-

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

349 (300 – 385)

384 (372 – 412)

0.107

-

-

-

Systolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

125 ± 19

144 ± 22

-

138 ± 24

141 ± 23

-

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

79 ± 11

87 ± 13

-

79 ± 15

80 ± 13

-

Systolic 24-h Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

118.4 ± 12.6

134.3 ± 15.2

0.010

-

-

-

Diastolic 24-h Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

71.5 [65 – 79.3]

79.0 [70.5 – 87.0]

0.087

-

-

-

Systolic daytime Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

121.3 ± 12.8

137.9 ± 15.1

0.010

-

-

-

Diastolic daytime Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

75.0 [68.3 – 83.0]

83.0 [75.0 – 90.0]

0.107

-

-

-

Systolic nighttime Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

112.3 ± 13.3

126.6 ± 17.0

0.023

-

-

-

Diastolic nighttime Blood Pressure (mm Hg)

65.6 ± 10.0

71.5 ± 11.9

0.114

-

-

-

Medicines:

      

 Antihypertensive

8 (22)

68 (52)

0.014

20 (54)

316 (86)

<0.001

 Statin

3 (9)

23 (18)

0.671

11 (28)

235 (61)

<0.001

 Hypoglycemic

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.998

9 (23)

85 (20)

0.854

  1. Data expressed as absolute number (%), mean ± SD or median (P25-75). SI conversion factors: triglycerides, mg/dL × 0.01129 = mmol/L; cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL × 0.02586 = mmol/L; glucose, mg/dL × 0.0556 = mmol/L. aP value for comparisons between two groups was tested by χ2 test for categorical variables or Student’s t test for continuous variables and were adjusted for age and sex by multiple logistic regression analysis. Since the sample was grouped by the presence of MS, P values were not expressed for comparison of its components (all P values were < 0.05).
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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