Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on fetuin-A levels in men and women: post-hoc analyses of three open-label randomized crossover trials

Table 1 Biochemical markers of 24 young men, 24 premenopausal women, and 36 postmenopausal women sampled after an overnight fast after 4, 3 and 6-week treatment periods, respectively, of consuming alcohol-free or alcohol-containing beverages

	Young men			Premenopausal women			Postmenopausal women
	Orange juice	Vodka and orange juice	p value	Alcohol-free beer	Beer	p value	White grape juice	White wine	p value
Fetuin-A (μg/ml)	441 ± 11	426 ± 11	0.02	498 ± 15	492 ± 15	0.48	448 ± 17	437 ± 17	0.16
Adiponectin (μg/ml)	10.5 ± 1.0	11.8 ± 1.0	0.005	6.8 ± 0.4	7.2 ± 0.4	0.01	12.0 ± 0.7	13.1 ± 0.7	<0.001
Insulin (pmol/l)	59.8 ± 8.5	55.7 ± 8.6	0.53	45.7 ± 4.0	46.1 ± 4.0	0.90	46.5 ± 3.4	40.0 ± 3.4	0.90
Glucose (mmol/l)	5.3 ± 0.10	5.3 ± 0.10	0.76	4.8 ± 0.11	4.8 ± 0.11	0.36	5.4 ± 0.11	5.4 ± 0.11	0.36
HOMA-IR	1.98 ± 0.30	1.87 ± 0.30	0.61	1.41 ± 0.11	1.43 ± 0.11	0.81	1.64 ± 0.13	1.42 ± 0.13	0.02
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.12 ± 0.05	1.22 ± 0.05	0.009	1.52 ± 0.07	1.62 ± 0.07	0.008	1.57 ± 0.07	1.68 ± 0.07	<0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.63 ± 0.17	2.70 ± 0.17	0.55	2.40 ± 0.07	2.37 ± 0.07	0.77	3.84 ± 0.12	3.51 ± 0.12	<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.23 ± 0.14	1.33 ± 0.14	0.30	1.27 ± 0.08	1.25 ± 0.08	0.61	1.18 ± 0.08	1.04 ± 0.08	<0.001
Free fatty acids (mmol/l)	0.42 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.03	0.07	0.34 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.03	0.26	0.43 ± 0.04	0.44 ± 0.04	0.67
Alanine aminotransferase (U/l)	15.2 ± 1.1	15.9 ± 1.1	0.49	10.8 ± 1.8	10.0 ± 1.8	0.21	13.8 ± 2.5	17.4 ± 2.5	0.29
Alkaline phosphates (U/l)	65.1 ± 4.3	65.8 ± 4.3	0.70	56.9 ± 6.5	57.8 ± 6.5	0.68	72.7 ± 2.9	73.6 ± 2.9	0.73
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/l)	21.0 ± 1.0	20.6 ± 1.0	0.62	17.8 ± 2.0	17.8 ± 2.0	0.95	20.9 ± 2.0	24.8 ± 2.0	0.13
γ-Glutamyltransferase (U/l)	19.8 ± 2.4	24.3 ± 2.4	0.003	16.5 ± 2.2	18.5 ± 2.2	0.01	18.4 ± 5.2	27.5 ± 5.2	0.21

Data are presented as means ± SEM. P values are obtained from a mixed-model ANOVA. Abbreviations: HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL high-density lipoprotein; LDL low-density lipoprotein.

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