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Table 4 Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for 4-years incidence of type 2 diabetes according to quartile groups of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and GGT) at baseline in females

From: The association between liver enzymes and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Namwon study

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

P for trend

AST (units/l)

≤18

19 to 21

22 to 25

≥26

 

Cases/persons at risk

74/983

58/1,066

86/1,187

95/1,104

 

Model 1

1

0.69 (0.48-0.98)

0.92 (0.67-1.28)

1.11 (0.80-1.52)

0.212

Model 2

1

0.66 (0.46-0.95)

0.87 (0.62-1.22)

0.99 (0.71-1.38)

0.567

Model 3

1

0.72 (0.49-1.05)

0.88 (0.62-1.25)

1.01 (0.72-1.43)

0.562

Model 4

1

0.67 (0.45-0.99)

0.83 (0.57-1.12)

0.95 (0.66-1.37)

0.783

ALT (units/l)

≤13

14 to 16

17 to 21

≥22

 

Cases/persons at risk

56/1,199

52/994

77/1,003

128/1,127

 

Model 1

1

1.12 (0.76-1.65)

1.69 (1.18-2.40)

2.65 (1.91-3.67)

<0.001

Model 2

1

0.99 (0.67-1.47)

1.40 (0.97-2.01)

1.86 (1.32-2.61)

<0.001

Model 3

1

0.97 (0.64-1.48)

1.38 (0.94-2.02)

1.86 (1.31-2.65)

<0.001

Model 4

1

0.86 (0.56-1.32)

1.23 (0.83-1.83)

1.49 (1.03-2.16)

0.006

GGT (units/l)

≤12

13 to 15

16 to 21

≥22

 

Cases/persons at risk

45/1,248

42/882

85/1,076

141/1,117

 

Model 1

1

1.35 (0.88-2.07)

2.30 (1.59-3.33)

3.88 (2.74-5.49)

<0.001

Model 2

1

1.14 (0.74-1.77)

1.73 (1.18-2.54)

2.69 (1.86-3.89)

<0.001

Model 3

1

1.11 (0.70-1.76)

1.60 (1.06-2.39)

2.45 (1.66-3.61)

<0.001

Model 4

1

0.97 (0.60-1.55)

1.27 (0.83-1.94)

1.85 (1.23-2.79)

<0.001

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 plus body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, log-triglyceride, alcohol intake status, smoking status, physical activity, and follow-up period.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 plus log-CRP.
  4. Model 4: Model 3 plus fasting glucose and HOMA.