Ā | Baseline | After intervention | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
ā¢ Daily habits variables | Ā | Ā | Ā |
Energy (kJ and kcal/day) | 7,626āĀ±ā2,842 (1,822āĀ±ā679) | 6,455āĀ±ā2,294 (1,542āĀ±ā548) | <0.001 |
Carbohydrate (% E) | 51.0āĀ±ā6.9 | 49.6āĀ±ā6.7 | 0.036 |
Added sugar (g) | 36.8āĀ±ā20.3 | 28.5āĀ±ā20.8 | <0.001 |
Protein (% E) | 17.9āĀ±ā3.5 | 19.9āĀ±ā4.1 | <0.001 |
Total fat (% E) | 31.4āĀ±ā5.5 | 31.3āĀ±ā5.6 | 0.847 |
Saturated fatty acids (% E) | 9.7āĀ±ā2.9 | 9.6āĀ±ā2.7 | 0.658 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids (% E) | 10.8āĀ±ā2.6 | 10.8āĀ±ā2.7 | 0.951 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (% E) | 8.2āĀ±ā2.1 | 8.1āĀ±ā2.0 | 0.724 |
Trans fatty acids (g) | 3.3āĀ±ā2.3 | 2.6āĀ±ā2.2 | <0.001 |
Soluble fibers/1,000Ā kcal (g)* | 2.4āĀ±ā1.3 | 2.2āĀ±ā1.6 | 0.099 |
Unsoluble fibers/1,000Ā kcal (g)* | 6.9āĀ±ā2.8 | 6.9āĀ±ā3.7 | 0.222 |
Leisure physical activity (min/week)* | 36.6āĀ±ā66.3 | 46.4āĀ±ā82.0 | 0.466 |
ā¢ Clinical variables | Ā | Ā | Ā |
Body weight (kg) | 78.7āĀ±ā14.8 | 77.0āĀ±ā14.9 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 101.1āĀ±ā13.0 | 98.7āĀ±ā12.3 | <0.001 |
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.7āĀ±ā14.6 | 95.0āĀ±ā10.1 | <0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98.7āĀ±ā11.5 | 95.9āĀ±ā12.1 | 0.029 |
2-h plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 117.5āĀ±ā27.7 | 113.2āĀ±ā30.5 | 0.111 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 157.3āĀ±ā67.2 | 149.3āĀ±ā81.3 | 0.191 |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 130.2āĀ±ā40.5 | 121.3āĀ±ā40.0 | 0.023 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 42.5āĀ±ā12.5 | 49.5āĀ±ā14.6 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR* | 2.49āĀ±ā1.81 | 1.66āĀ±ā0.91 | <0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)* | 0.34āĀ±ā0.24 | 0.04āĀ±ā0.05 | <0.001 |
Tumor necrosis factor-Ī± (pg/dL)* | 12.5āĀ±ā6.3 | 10.4āĀ±ā6.8 | <0.001 |