From: Insulin resistance and associated factors in patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Variables | Male | Female | P value |
---|---|---|---|
N =135 | 58 (43%) | 77 (57%) | |
Age (years) | 30 (17–68) | 27 (12–58) | 0.139 |
TDM1 duration (years) | 15.5 (1–48) | 15.0 (1–49) | 0.556 |
eGDR | 8.49 (1.26-11.82) | 9.3 (2.35-12.6) | 0.055 |
ISS | 7.60 (±2.34) | 8.30 (±2.28) | 0.090 |
BMI† (kg/m2) | 24.0 (19.0-36.0) | 24.0 (17.0-46.0) | 0.255 |
Waist (cm) | 84.5 (65–119) | 78.0 (64–123) | 0.001 |
Hips (cm) | 98.0 (80–120) | 96.0 (90–150) | 0.938 |
Waist/height ratio | 49.3(36.1-70.4) | 48.1 (38.5-78.9) | 0.81 |
Waist/hip ratio | 0.85 (0.75-1.12) | 0.79 (0.67-1.48) | <0.001 |
Total insulin dose UI/Lean mass (kg)‡ | 0.98 (0.32-3.15) | 1.14 (0.19-3.35) | 0.085 |
Total lean mass (kg)‡ | 53.15 (±9.55) | 36.82 (41.63) | <0.001 |
Thoracic-abdominal fat (kg)‡ | 3.63 (1.0-28.65) | 6.65 (2.34-17.37) | 0.053 |
Leg fat (kg)‡ | 3.86 (0.85-12.93) | 6.81 (2.3-16.34) | <0.001 |
Arm fat (kg)‡ | 0.738 (0.182-3.743) | 1.81 (0.51-6.78) | <0.001 |
Total lean mass percent‡ | 83.8 (56–95) | 68.7 (50–86) | <0.001 |
Total Fat Percent‡ | 16.24 (5.3-43.6) | 33.00 (14.4-50) | <0.001 |
Thoracic-abdominal total percent‡ | 14.76 (5–68.4) | 26.30 (11–50.3) | 0.004 |
Leg fat percent‡ | 18.90 (8.7) | 39.27 (8.33) | <0.001 |
Arm fat percent‡ | 11.1 (4.1-32.6) | 38.0 (14.9-59.1) | <0.001 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 12.30 (4.33-31.67) | 20.67 (8.33-48.67) | <0.001 |
Scapular skinfold (mm) | 15.70 (6.33-41.67) | 18.33 (6.33-39.0) | 0.035 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160 (76–282) | 169 (85–332) | 0.043 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50 (27–81) | 58 (36–124) | 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 94.0 (35–178) | 98.0 (20–252) | 0.419 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 62.5 (26–310) | 63 (25–295) | 0.697 |
Systolic arterial pressure mmHg | 120 (90–200) | 120 (90–160) | 0.012 |
Diastolic arterial pressure mmHg | 80 (50–120) | 80 (50–100) | 0.017 |
A1c (%) | 7.6 (5.4-11) | 7.9 (5.8-11.1) | 0.328 |
HbA1c(mmol/mol) | 60 (36–94) | 63 (40–98) | 0.328 |
Total insulin dose (IU/kg) | 55 (12–340) | 44 (8–122) | 0.036 |
Physical activity – yes | 41 (70.7%) | 43 (56.6%) | 0.107 |
Acanthosis – yes* | 4 (7.3%) | 6 (8.2%) | 0.10 |
Family history of TDM2 – yes | 40 (70.2%) | 53 (72.6%) | 0.845 |