|
T2DM patients
|
Control (n = 19) (X + SD)
|
P value
|
---|
|
(n = 21) (X + SD)
| |
---|
Age
|
52 ± 11.1
|
24.3 ± 3.7
|
<0.005
|
BMI
|
32.4 ± 6.0
|
22.8 ± 1.4
|
<0.005
|
Waist cm
|
103.3 ± 13.8
|
70.0 ± 7.7
|
<0.005
|
Hip cm
|
109.0 ± 13.3
|
95.0 ± 7.7
|
<0.005
|
% Fat
|
42.0 ± 8.9
|
25.6 ± 9.8
|
<0.005
|
% Lean mass
|
58.0 ± 9.0
|
74.3 ± 9.9
|
<0.005
|
Total weight
|
84.2 ± 17.1
|
63.1 ± 9.2
|
<0.005
|
Glucose 0´
|
148.2 ± 51.4
|
83.9 ± 12.5
|
<0.005
|
Glucose 30´
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
Glucose 60´
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
Glucose 90´
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
Glucose 120´
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
Insulin 0´
|
15.6 ± 7.9
|
7.3 ± 2.0
|
<0.005
|
HOMA IR
|
5.4 ± 2.7
|
1.5 ± 0.44
|
<0.005
|
Free fatty acids
|
0.6 ± 0.2
|
0.5 ± 0.3
|
>0.05
|
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
|
0.2 ± 0.1
|
0.2 ± 0.04
|
>0.05
|
ALP
|
63 ± 17
|
62.10 ± 16.9
|
>0.05
|
Uric acid
|
5.8 ± 1.5
|
5.2 ± 1.0
|
>0.05
|
Serum creatinine
|
0.7 ± 0.17
|
0.8 ± 0.15
|
>0.05
|
Cholesterol
|
202.5 ± 50.7
|
200.6 ± 39.6
|
>0.05
|
Total bilirubin
|
0.2 ± 0.10
|
0.3 ± 0.2
|
>0.05
|
Direct bilirubin
|
.05 ± .02
|
0.06 ± 0.03
|
>0.05
|
Indirect bilirubin
|
0.15 ± 0.1
|
0.2 ± 0.1
|
>0.05
|
Total protein
|
8.1 ± 0 .7
|
8.5 ± 0.9
|
>0.05
|
Albumin
|
4.7 ± 0.5
|
5.13 ± 0.5
|
<0.05
|
Globulin
|
3.4 ± 0.4
|
3.4 ± 0.5
|
>0.05
|
AST
|
17 ± 11.5
|
10.4 ± 2.0
|
<0.05
|
ALT
|
14.5 ± 10.1
|
8.0 ± 2.6
|
<0.005
|
C4
|
0.24 ± 0.10
|
0.18 + 0.08
|
<0.05
|
C2
|
10.1 ± 2.2
|
8.7 ± 1.6
|
<0.005
|
Leu
|
117.7 ± 22.3
|
96.1 ± 23.7
|
<0.05
|
Tyr
|
51.3 ± 10.4
|
41.5 ± 11.0
|
<0.005
|
Val
|
165.2 ± 19.0
|
135.0 ± 31.0
|
<0.005
|
Gly
|
242.0 ± 36.2
|
226.5 ± 47.0
|
>0.05
|
Arg
|
27.5 ± 9.8
|
27.4 ± 7.8
|
>0.05
|
Cit
|
18.4 ± 4.7
|
17.5 ± 4.2
|
>0.05
|
Met
|
21.7 ± 5.1
|
22.4 ± 5.2
|
>0.05
|
Orn
|
83.7 ± 13.8
|
76.6 ± 9.6
|
>0.05
|
Phe
|
41.2 ± 6.2
|
39.3 ± 10.8
|
>0.05
|
Ala
|
288.8 ± 63.0
|
238.0 ± 44.2
|
<0.005
|
- NOTE: Parameters in bold were significant.