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Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort

From: Sex-based disparities in cardioprotective medication use in adults with diabetes

 

Men

Women

p-value

 

N = 18,174

N = 15,120

 
 

(54.6%)

(45.4%)

 

Demographic characteristics

   

  Mean age at DM diagnosis (SD)

61.7 (13.2)

62.9 (15.2)

<0.001

  Mean age at DM diagnosis (SD) By age group

   

    <55

46.4 (5.9)

44.8 (6.9)

<0.001

    55+

68.8 (9.0)

71.1 (9.8)

<0.001

  Age group <55 years

5,766 (31.6)

4,745 (31.2)

0.457

  Mean years of follow-up (SD)

5.10 (3.1)

5.14 (3.1)

0.257

  Range of follow up in years

0-12.0

0-12.0

 

Comorbidity

   

  CDS score (Quartile)

  

<0.001

    2

5,258 (28.9)

3,143 (20.8)

 

    3-5

5,161 (28.4)

4,657 (30.8)

 

    6-8

5,004 (27.5)

4,469 (29.6)

 

    9+

2,751 (15.1)

2,851 (18.9)

 

  Cardiovascular disease status at baseline (diabetes diagnosis)

6,504 (35.8)

5,008 (33.1)

<0.0001

  Renal disease in the 3 years prior to index

360 (2.0)

247 (1.6)

0.031

Access to care in the 3 years prior to index

   

Total physician office visits

  

<0.001

  0-11 office visits

5,792 (31.9)

2,857 (18.9)

 

  12-21 office visits

4,814 (26.5)

3,579 (23.7)

 

  22-35 office visits

3,976 (21.9)

4,179 (27.6)

 

  36 or more office visits

3,592 (19.8)

4,505 (29.8)

 

Hospitalizations

  

<0.001

  0

11,989 (66.0)

9,661 (63.9)

 

  1 or more

6,185 (34.0)

5,459 (36.1)

 

Day surgeries

  

<0.001

  0

13,146 (72.3)

10,587 (70.0)

 

  1 or more

5,028 (27.7)

4,533 (30.0)

 

Cardioprotective medication use in the 1 year prior to DM diagnosis

   

  Statin

2,530 (13.9)

2,050 (13.6)

0.339

  ACEi

4,576 (25.2)

3,831 (25.3)

0.740

  ARB

1,187 (6.5)

1,401 (9.3)

<0.0001

  ACEi or ARB

5,505 (30.3)

4,977 (32.9)

<0.0001

  Any of the above

6,541 (36.0)

5,868 (38.8)

<0.0001

  1. Abbreviations: DM diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, ACEi angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers.