Correlation between reduction of superior interventricular groove epicardial fat thickness and improvement of insulin resistance after weight loss in obese men

Table 1 Changes of anthropometric, serum or plasma biochemical data and adipokines in obese non-diabetic men with metabolic syndrome with weight loss >5% (N = 27) by diet and exercise program

	Before (N = 27)	After (N = 27)	*Percentage of changes	P value
Body weight (kg)	97 ± 14	87 ± 14	−10.7%	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	33.5 ± 4.1	29.9 ± 4.2	−10.6%	<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	103 ± 15	97 ± 10	−5.7%	0.002
Fasting insulin (μIU/ml)	18.6 ± 12.1	13.0 ± 7.3	−25.8%	0.005
HOMA-IR (mg/dl × μIU/ml)	4.8 ± 3.2	3.1 ± 1.7	−29.5%	0.003
OGTT glucose AUC (mg/dl × h)	367 ± 79	324 ± 55	−9.8%	<0.001
OGTT insulin AUC (μIU/ml × h)	200 ± 99	148 ± 75	−21.1%	0.002
OGTT derived insulin-sensitivity index, Matsuda (mM × μIU/ml)⁻¹	40.6 ± 16.6	64.6 ± 31.2	69.7%	<0.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	204 ± 51	187 ± 35	−7.2%	0.011
HDL-C (mg/dl)	40 ± 9	44 ± 10	11.2%	0.021
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	295 ± 515	174 ± 294	−36.6%	0.012
MCP-1 (pg/ml)	277 ± 88	215 ± 66	−19.5%	<0.001
Hs-CRP (mg/dL)	0.29 ± 0.41	0.14 ± 0.11	−19.3%	0.061
Adipokines
Adiponectin (ng/ml)	3197 ± 1803	3377 ± 2140	35.5%	0.431
Leptin (pg/ml)	16034 ± 9932	11673 ± 11362	−21.2%	0.067
PAI-1 (ng/ml)	18.4 ± 8.2	9.7 ± 4.9	−37.0%	<0.001

BMI (kg/m²): body mass index = body weight (kg)/height² (m).
HDL-C: high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol.
HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index of insulin resistance = (fasting glucose mg/dl × fasting insulin μU/mL)/405.
MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1.
MetS: metabolic syndrome.
OGTT glucose AUC: oral glucose tolerance test, area under the curve for glucose.
OGTT insulin AUC: oral glucose tolerance test, area under the curve for insulin.
OGTT insulin-sensitivity index (Matsuda): 10,000⁄sqrt (FBG × FPI × G × I) where FPG is fasting glucose (mM), FPI is fasting insulin (μIU/ml), G is mean glucose (mM), I is mean insulin (μIU/ml) during the OGTT.
PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
*Percentage of changes = (after - before)/before weight loss, mean value.

ISSN: 1758-5996