Heterogeneity in the costs of type 1 diabetes in a developing country: what are the determining factors?

Table 4 Clinical and demographic differences among the geographic regions of Brazil

	*Southeast*	*South*	*North/Northeast*	*Midwest*	*P value*
Gender (female), (%)	58 · 5	56 · 3	53 · 1	57 · 6	0 · 087
Ethnicity (Caucasian), (%)	58 · 7	87 · 3	34 · 6	46 · 3	<0 · 001
Age (y)*	22 · 0 ± 12 · 5	23 · 4 ± 12 · 3	20 · 9 ± 9 · 9	21 · 8 ± 11 · 9	0 · 017
Duration of diabetes (y)**	11 · 2 ± 8 · 8	11 · 4 ± 8 · 3	8 · 5 ± 6 · 4	9 · 4 ± 7 · 5	<0 · 001
Level of care* (tertiary), (%)**	93 · 1	94 · 2	34 · 9	24 · 9	<0 · 001
Low or very-low economic status (%)****	66 · 1	58 · 1	86 · 1	58 · 2	<0 · 001
Prevalence of microvascular complications (%)	22 · 0	23 · 8	14 · 5	18 · 5	0 · 001
Presence of macrovascular complications (%)	5 · 1	3 · 2	2 · 5	2 · 9	0 · 004

SE = Southeast; N/NE = North/Northeast; MW = Midwest.
*p = 0 · 006 (SE vs South), p = 0 · 003 (South vs N/NE).
**p <0 · 001 (SE vs N/NE), p = 0 · 006 (SE vs MW), p <0 · 001 (South vs N/NE), p = 0 · 001 (South vs MW).
***p <0 · 001 (SE vs N/NE), p <0 · 001 (SE vs MW), p <0 · 001 (South vs N/NE), p <0 · 001 (South vs MW), p = 0 · 007 (N/NE vs MW).
****p <0 · 001 (N/NE vs MW), p = 0 · 042 (SE vs MW),p <0 · 001 (SE vs N/NE), p <0 · 001 (SE vs South), p = 0 · 02 (South vs MW), p <0 · 001 (N/NE vs South).

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