Heterogeneity in the costs of type 1 diabetes in a developing country: what are the determining factors?

Table 1 Clinical and demographic data of the studied population

Variable
N	3,180
Female gender, n (%)	1,791 (56 · 3)
Age, y	22 ± 11 · 8; 20 (2–66)
Ethnicity, n (%)
Caucasian	1,824 (57 · 4)
Non-Caucasian*	1,356 (42 · 6)
Socioeconomic status**
High	222 (7 · 2)
Medium	710 (22 · 3)
Low	1,052 (33 · 1)
Very low	1,102 (34 · 7)
Level of care, n (%)
Secondary	897 (28 · 2)
Tertiary	2,283 (71 · 8)
Duration of diabetes, y	10 · 3 ± 8 · 03, 8 (1–50)
HbA1c%, mmol/mol	9 · 34 ± 2 · 34, 78.6 ± 25
Presence of microvascular complications ^†	635 (27 · 4)
Presence of macrovascular complications ^†	119 (5 · 1)

y = year. The data are presented as number (percentage), mean ± SD and/or median (Min-Max). *Afro-Brazilians, Mulattos, Asians, Native Indians **Missing data from 87 participants.
^†Excludes the patients without criteria for the diabetic complications screening.