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Table 2 Baseline metabolic control and quality of life by geographical region

From: Prevalence of diabetes complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with baseline characteristics in the multinational A1chieve study

Ā 

All

China

South Asia

East Asia

North Africa

Middle East

Latin America

Russia

Patients with macrovascular complications

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

HbA1c, %

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

12,727

1,332

4,002

1,170

620

3,426

147

2,030

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

9.5 (1.7)

9.1 (2.1)

9.3 (1.2)

9.7 (2.0)

9.6 (1.8)

9.7 (1.7)

9.6 (2.4)

9.6 (1.7)

HbA1c, mmol/mol

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

12,727

1,332

4,002

1,170

620

3,426

147

2,030

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

80.3 (18.6)

76.0 (23.0)

78.2 (13.1)

82.5 (21.9)

81.4 (19.7)

82.5 (18.6)

81.4 (26.2)

81.4 (18.6)

FPG before breakfast

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

13,603

1,859

4,064

1,431

715

3,143

204

2,187

ā€ƒā€‰mmol/l, mean (SD)

10.7 (3.3)

9.8 (3.6)

10.8 (2.8)

11.2 (4.2)

11.2 (4.2)

11.0 (3.3)

10.7 (4.2)

10.4 (2.6)

ā€ƒā€‰mg/dl, mean (SD)

192.8 (59.6)

176.5 (64.0)

194.2 (50.5)

202.4 (74.9)

201.3 (75.7)

198.0 (60.1)

191.9 (76.5)

187.7 (46.9)

PPG after breakfast

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

9,704

1,451

2,984

784

376

2,254

30

1,825

ā€ƒā€‰mmol/l, mean (SD)

14.5 (4.3)

14.0 (4.7)

15.3 (3.7)

15.4 (4.9)

14.7 (5.2)

15.4 (4.4)

13.1 (5.9)

12.2 (3.1)

ā€ƒā€‰mg/dl, mean (SD)

262.0 (77.0)

252.1 (85.4)

275.9 (65.9)

277.0 (87.6)

265.5 (94.0)

278.1 (78.9)

235.1 (105.6)

220.3 (55.6)

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

7,176

851

466

744

378

2,530

136

2,071

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

5.5 (1.3)

5.1 (1.2)

5.2 (0.8)

5.3 (1.5)

4.6 (1.3)

5.4 (1.2)

5.6 (1.7)

6.1 (1.3)

Triglycerides, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

6,732

844

703

637

402

2,524

116

1,506

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

2.1 (1.0)

2.0 (1.3)

2.2 (0.7)

2.0 (1.0)

1.6 (0.9)

2.3 (1.0)

2.4 (1.2)

2.1 (1.0)

Creatinine, Ī¼mol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

6,865

724

776

627

350

2,370

103

1,915

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

87.7 (32.9)

48.7 (43.6)

96.2 (30.3)

97.6 (35.1)

89.5 (29.6)

95.7 (29.4)

94.5 (28.6)

85.2 (19.5)

HDL-C, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

5,602

777

714

539

255

2,283

98

936

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

1.1 (0.4)

1.2 (0.4)

1.0 (0.2)

1.2 (0.5)

1.1 (0.4)

1.0 (0.3)

1.0 (0.3)

1.4 (0.6)

LDL-C, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

5,711

794

713

545

238

2,364

94

963

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

3.2 (1.1)

3.0 (1.0)

3.4 (1.0)

3.4 (1.3)

2.8 (1.4)

3.2 (1.0)

3.2 (1.1)

3.4 (1.2)

SBP, mmHg

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

13,744

1,552

3,376

1,969

755

3,619

274

2,199

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

141.0 (19.5)

137.2 (18.3)

145.2 (21.0)

133.3 (18.7)

137.8 (20.0)

141.4 (18.9)

131.8 (16.5)

145.7 (16.5)

QoL*

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

11,329

1,712

3,611

2,156

676

865

261

2,048

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

60.2 (16.5)

74.4 (13.9)

52.7 (10.6)

66.7 (15.7)

59.4 (17.8)

62.1 (14.9)

63.7 (17.8)

53.5 (16.9)

Patients with microvascular complications

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

HbA1c, %

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

24,352

3,128

6,673

2,385

1,545

7,726

378

2,517

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

9.6 (1.7)

9.4 (2.3)

9.4 (1.3)

9.7 (2.0)

9.5 (1.8)

9.7 (1.7)

10.1 (2.2)

9.6 (1.7)

HbA1c, mmol/mol

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

24,352

3,128

6,673

2,385

1,545

7,726

378

2,517

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

81.4 (18.6)

79.2 (25.1)

79.2 (14.2)

82.5 (21.9)

80.3 (19.7)

82.5 (18.6)

86.9 (24.0)

81.4 (18.6)

FPG before breakfast

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

25,986

4,239

6,655

3,015

1,744

7,162

480

2,691

ā€ƒā€‰mmol/l, mean (SD)

10.8 (3.5)

10.0 (3.5)

10.7 (3.0)

11.3 (4.2)

11.1 (4.1)

11.2 (3.5)

11.7 (4.6)

10.4 (2.7)

ā€ƒā€‰mg/dl, mean (SD)

194.5 (62.9)

179.4 (63.6)

193.3 (54.3)

202.8 (75.5)

200.4 (74.5)

201.5 (62.4)

210.5 (83.3)

186.9 (47.7)

PPG after breakfast

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

18,300

3,297

4,762

1,657

1,025

5,183

110

2,266

ā€ƒā€‰mmol/l, mean (SD)

14.8 (4.5)

13.8 (4.8)

15.5 (3.9)

15.6 (5.0)

14.8 (4.7)

15.5 (4.4)

15.6 (6.0)

12.1 (3.0)

ā€ƒā€‰mg/dl, mean (SD)

265.8 (80.3)

249.4 (86.7)

279.0 (69.7)

281.5 (89.3)

265.7 (84.6)

279.6 (80.1)

281.4 (107.3)

218.3 (54.9)

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

13,795

2,005

812

1,509

993

5,590

334

2,552

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

5.4 (1.3)

5.1 (1.3)

5.1 (0.8)

5.3 (1.4)

4.7 (1.3)

5.3 (1.2)

5.8 (1.6)

6.0 (1.3)

Triglycerides, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

13,356

1,970

1,371

1,257

1,030

5,572

290

1,866

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

2.1 (1.1)

2.1 (1.3)

2.1 (0.8)

2.0 (1.1)

1.6 (0.9)

2.2 (1.0)

2.5 (1.3)

2.1 (1.0)

Creatinine, Ī¼mol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

13,399

1,779

1,482

1,185

893

5,440

261

2,359

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

83.5 (32.7)

52.3 (42.3)

89.9 (27.9)

95.8 (37.9)

85.0 (28.2)

88.2 (28.6)

89.2 (26.4)

84.8 (19.1)

HDL-C, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

11,472

1,823

1,398

1,083

678

5,067

234

1,189

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

1.1 (0.4)

1.2 (0.4)

1.0 (0.2)

1.2 (0.4)

1.1 (0.4)

1.1 (0.3)

1.0 (0.3)

1.4 (0.6)

LDL-C, mmol/l

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

11,580

1,852

1,379

1,090

646

5,185

217

1,211

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

3.2 (1.1)

3.1 (1.1)

3.1 (0.9)

3.2 (1.2)

2.9 (1.4)

3.2 (1.0)

3.2 (1.1)

3.3 (1.1)

SBP, mmHg

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

26,661

3,487

5,656

4,022

1,899

8,282

614

2,701

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

137.3 (18.7)

134.9 (17.5)

141.4 (21.0)

132.0 (17.9)

135.2 (18.8)

137.1 (17.4)

131.5 (17.2)

143.1 (16.8)

QoL*

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

ā€ƒā€‰n

21,166

3,947

6,103

4,489

1,741

1,805

555

2,526

ā€ƒā€‰mean (SD)

62.3 (16.9)

75.2 (13.8)

52.8 (11.1)

67.9 (16.0)

61.1 (17.5)

64.1 (15.5)

64.8 (18.3)

54.3 (17.0)

  1. Note: due to the observational nature of this study, not all baseline data were recorded.
  2. *EQ-5Dā„¢ (100ā€‰=ā€‰best imaginable health; 0ā€‰=ā€‰worst imaginable health) [20].