Table 1 Study subjects

Participants

20

21

20

19

Ratio male/female

12/8

16/5

15/5

11/8

Age [a]

65 ± 1.33

64 ± 1.5

65 ± 1.58

62 ± 1.92

Duration of diabetes [a]

-

7.9 ± 0.9

8.7 ± 1.3

6.8 ± 0.9

BMI

27.1 ± 3.5

31.6 ± 2.9

30.8 ± 2.9

30.2 ± 3.3

HbA1c

5.6 ± 0.3

7.0 ± 0.5

7.2 ± 0.2

6.6 ± 0.4

Basal glucose [mg/dl]

100.1 ± 1.5

148.0 ± 3.9***

146.0 ± 5.1***

144.3 ± 5.1***

Basal insulin [pmol/l]

9.02 ± 0.87

17.23 ± 1.63***

10.64 ± 1.59°°

11.70 ± 0.90°

Basal proinsulin [pmol/l]

5.26 ± 0.39

16.37 ± 1.45***

9.378 ± 0.97*^/°°°

6.878 ± 0.49°°°