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Table 2 Hazards ratios for diabetes according to obesity and insulin levels, considering possible mediators and confounders

From: Chronic inflammation role in the obesity-diabetes association: a case-cohort study

 

Main exposure

 

Overweighta

Obesityb

Waist circumference 4thquartilec

Insulin 4thquartiled

 

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

HR (95%CI)

Model 1

2.07 (1.45–2.95)

6.43 (4.48–9.21)

8.30 (5.60–12.28)

10.71 (6.20–18.51)

Model 2

1.72 (1.20–2.48)

4.69 (3.23–6.81)

6.27 (4.18–9.40)

6.90 (3.87–12.32)

Model 3

1.45 (1.00–2.11)

3.18 (2.14–4.73)

4.23 (2.76–6.49)

4.44 (2.45–8.04)

Model 4

1.46 (0.98–2.17)

3.21 (2.01–5.14)

5.08 (2.97–8.71)

4.56 (2.38–8.73)

Model 5

1.17 (0.78–1.76)

2.26 (1.37–3.73)

3.19 (1.58–6.45)

3.42 (1.75–6.71)

  1. Model 1: Adjusted for age, study center, ethnicity, gender, and family history of diabetes.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + adiponectin.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + inflammation score, C3; oxidized LDL, ICAM-1.
  4. Model 4: Model 3 + leptin (gender-specific quartiles).
  5. Model 5: Model 4 + hypertension, non-esterified fatty acids, ln-triglycerides, ln-triglycerides2, HDL-cholesterol, BMI, BMI2, waist-to-hip ratio, ln-insulin (those not already in the model).
  6. a Hazards ratio of overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2) versus BMI < 25 kg/m2.
  7. b Hazards ratio of obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) versus BMI < 25 kg/m2.
  8. c 4th vs. 1st quartile. In men: waist circumference >102 cm vs. <91 cm; in women: waist circumference >101 cm vs. <84 cm.
  9. d 4th vs. 1st quartile: >13 μu/mL vs. < 5 μu/mL.
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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