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Table 1 Clinical and demographic data of the study population according to geographic region

From: Regional differences in clinical care among patients with type 1 diabetes in Brazil: Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Variable

Southeast

South

North/ Northeast

Mid-west

P Value

N(%)

1,424 (39.7)

820 (22.8)

1,113 (31.0)

234 (6.5)

 

Gender, F (%)

821 (57.7)

461 (56.2)

593 (53.3)

135 (57.7)

0.21

Age, y

21.6 ± 12.4

22.3 ± 12.2

19.9 ± 10.1†

21.2 ± 11.9

<0.001

Age, y (%)

    

0.19

  0–5.9

57 (4)

18 (2.2)

41 (3.7)

14 (6.0)

 

  6–12.9

279 (19.6)

148 (18.0)

239 (21.5)

56 (23.9)

 

  13–18.9

370 (26.0)

225 (27.4)

296 (26.6)

40 (17.1)

 

  ≥19.0

719 (50.4)

429 (52.3)

537 (48.2)

124 (53.0)

 

Age at diagnosis, y (%)

    

<0.001

  0–4.9

318 (22.3)

133 (16.2)

169 (15.2)

47 (20.1)

 

  5–9.9

401 (28.2)

227 (27.7)

280 (25.2)

53 (22.6)

 

  10–14.9

370 (26.0)

243 (29.6)

285 (25.6)

43 (18.4)

 

  15-19.9

160 (11.2)

103 (12.6)

186 (16.7)

43 (18.4)

 

  20–29.9

121 (8.5)

82 (10.0)

160 (14.4)

41 (17.5)

  ≥30

54 (3.8)

32 (3.9)

33 (3.0)

7 (3.0)

Ethnicity, n (%)

    

<0.001

  Caucasian

830 (58.9)

716 (87.3)

383 (34.4)

111 (47.4)

 

  Non-Caucasian*

585 (41.1)

104 (12.7)

730 (65.6)

123 (52.6)

 

Economic status**

    

<0.001

  High

98 (7.2)

82 (10.2)

36 (3.4)

24 (10.9)

 

  Medium

361(26.4)

248 (30.9)

101 (9.4)

63 (28.6)

 

  Low

496 (36.3)

311 (38.1)

302 (28.2)

68 (30.9)

 

  Very low

412 (30.1)

161 (20.1)

633 (59.0)

65 (29.5)

 

Years of Study

9.7 ± 4.5

9.5 ± 3.9

9.9 ± 4.5

10.5 ± 5.2†

0.01

Duration of diabetes, y

10.7 ± 8.8

10.6 ± 8.4

7.6 ± 6.4††

8.6 ± 7.5††

<0.001

Treatment of diabetes n(%)

     

Insulin ***

    

<0.001

  Intermediate or long acting

157 (11)

49 (6.0)

291 (26.2)

62 (26.5)

 

  CSII****

23 (1.6)

10 (1.2)

2 (0.2)

4 (1.7)

 

Intermediate/long plus short acting

1,241 (87.3)

761 (92.8)

819 (73.7)

168 (71.8)

 

Short acting shots ≥ 3 /day

832 (64.7)

570 (73.0)

408 (48.7)

103 (50.9)

<0.001

SBGM, yes (%)

1,331(93.5)

763 (93.0)

853 (76.6) †††

221 (94.4)

 

Specialist visits in the prior, y

1,424(99.0)

819 (99.8)

1,097 (98.5)

226 (96.6)

0.3

Level of care n (%)

     

  Secondary

101(7.1)

45 (5.5)

678 (60.9)

171(73.1)

<0.001

  Tertiary

1,323(92.9)

775(94.5)

435 (39.1)#

63(26.9)#

 
  1. The data are presented as the means (SD) and n (%); y = years; f = female, SBGM = self-blood glucose monitoring.† p<0.01 vs. each other region; ††P<0.05 vs. each other region; ††† p<0.001 vs. each other region # P< 0.01 vs. south and southeast regions.
  2. * African-Brazilians, Mulattos, Asians, Native Aborigines.
  3. ** Data not available from 130 (3.6%) patients *** Data not available from 4 (0.001%) patients.
  4. ****CSII: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
  5. For comparison between continuous variables ANOVA with Sidak correction were used; For comparison between discrete variables two-sided z-tests with correction was used.
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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