Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparisons of clinical characteristics between the patients with DR and without DR

From: Predictors for diabetic retinopathy in normoalbuminuric people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Clinical characteristics

No DR (n = 246)

DR (n = 64)

P value

Age, years

53 ± 13

61 ± 12

< 0.001

Female, n (%)

114 (46.3)

43 (67.2)

0.003

BMI, kg/m2

25.0 ± 3.7

23.9 ± 3.0

0.022

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

127 ± 14

132 ± 17

0.018

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

77 ± 10

77 ± 9

0.836

Duration of diabetes, months

17 (1–75)

117 (60–191)

< 0.001

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.797

Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

99 ± 25

89 ± 22

0.003

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.9 ± 1.8

12.6 ± 1.7

< 0.001

Serum albumin, g/dL

4.4 ± 0.4

4.3 ± 0.4

0.111

Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL

187 ± 42

174 ± 44

0.049

Serum triglyceride, mg/dL

167 ± 119

181 ± 132

0.411

Serum HDL, mg/dL

51 ± 14

48 ± 17

0.076

Serum uric acid, mg/dL

4.3 ± 1.4

4.5 ± 1.6

0.550

Urinary albumin excretion, μg/min

5.92 ± 3.50

8.97 ± 5.07

< 0.001

Hemoglobin A1c

9.2 ± 2.5

9.1 ± 1.9

0.741

HOMA-IR

3.4 ± 4.6

4.0 ± 4.3

0.347

Lipoprotein (a), (IU/L)

135 (46–341)

171 (42–387)

0.496

hs-CRP, mg/dL

0.2 (0.1-0.9)

0.2 (0.1-0.7)

0.854

Use of RAS inhibitors, n (%)

68 (27.6)

33 (51.6)

< 0.001

  1. Values are expressed as means ± SDs, medians (interquartile range) or n(%).
  2. Abbreviations: DR diabetic retinopathy, BMI body mass index, GFR glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostasis model for insulin resistance, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, RAS renin-angiotensin system.