Low carbohydrate diet in type 1 diabetes, long-term improvement and adherence: A clinical audit

Table 2 Mean HbA1c before and 4 years after carbohydrate reduction in type 1 diabetes in groups with different degrees of adherence

§Group	n	%	start	3 mo.	4 years	*Change	%	!p
All	48	100	7.6 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 0.7	6.9 ± 1.0	-0.7 ± 1.1	-8.4 ± 13	<0.001
B	25	52	7.5 ± 1.1	6.5 ± 0.8	7.4 ± 0.9	-0.1 ± 0.3	-0.7 ± 11	0.7
C + D	23	48	7.7 ± 1.0	6.4 ± 0.9	6.4 ± 0.8	-1.3 ± 0.9	-16 ± 10	<0.001
C	10	21	7.6 ± 1.0	6.3 ± 0.8	6.9 ± 0.8	-0.7 ± 0.4	-8.8 ± 4	<0.001
D	13	27	7.8 ± 1.0	6.5 ± 0.8	6.0 ± 0.6	-1.8 ± 0.9	-22.4 ± 8	<0.001

§ A: all patients. B: non-adherent patients. C: partly adherent with intra-person variations over time. D: with initial high HbA1c and excellent adherence. * The HbA1c change between start and 4 years in HbA1c units. ! P-values are for differences between start and 4 years.
Carbohydrates (mostly starch) were reduced to 75 g/day or lower. Insulin doses adapted to the quantity of carbohydrates.

ISSN: 1758-5996