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Table 2 Number and percentage (%) of placental histopathological changes in women presenting normoglycemia, mild gestational hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and overt diabetes mellitus

From: Histopathological placental lesions in mild gestational hyperglycemic and diabetic women

 

Pregnant groups

Histopathological changes

Normoglycemia

MGH

GDM

Overt DM

Circulatory

    

   Cystoid degeneration

0

1 (2.9)

1 (12.5)

3 (3.6)

   Chorial edema

0

0

0

2 (2.4)

   Intima edema

0

0

0

4 (4.8)

   Interstitial hemorrhage

1 (16.7)

2 (5.9)

0

3 (4.8)

   Congestion

2 (33.3)

17 (50.0)

3 (37.5)

52 (62.6)

   Subchorial infarct *

2 (33.3) a

3 (8.8) b

0

3 (3.6) b

Degenerative

    

   Villus edema

1 (16.7)

7 (20.6)

3 (37.5)

18 (21.7)

   Villus fibrosis

1 (16.7)

8 (23.5)

0

11 (13.2)

   Intervillus fibrosis

3 (50.0)

28 (82.4)

6 (75.0)

65 (78.3)

   Calcification *

4 (66.7) a

15 (44.1) a

1 (12.5) b

42 (50.6) a

   Focal hyaline degeneration

4 (66.7)

28 (82.4)

6 (75.0)

71 (85.5)

Proliferative

    

   Dysmaturity

0

5 (14.7)

3 (37.5)

8 (9.6)

   Hofbauer hyperplasia

0

0

0

1 (1.2)

   Chorioangiosis

1 (16.7)

4 (11.8)

0

7 (8.4)

   Syncytial nodes

1 (16.7) a

11 (32.4) b

0

8 (9.6) a

Inflammatory

    

   Villitis

0

0

0

2 (2.4)

   Focal amnionitis

1 (16.7)

4 (11.8)

1 (12.5)

7 (8.4)

Others

    

   Phantom cells

0

2 (5.9)

0

1 (1.2)

   Two vessels

0

1 (2.9)

0

3 (3.6)

   Endarteritis

0

8 (23.5) a

1 (12.5) b

7 (8.4) b

   Duplicate membrane

2 (33.3) a

0

0

1 (1.2) b

   Cord hemorrhage

3 (50.0)

5 (14.7)

0

14 (18.1)

Total number

6

34

8

83

  1. Values followed by different letters present significant statistically difference (p < 0.05)