|  | Aspart | Detemir | Glargine | Glulisine | Lispro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | lower |  | 12,26,48,54 | 9,19,25,26 |  |  |
metabolic activity | equal | 21,26,53 | Â | 13,14,55 | 15,35 | 26,5 |
 | higher |  |  |  |  |  |
 | lower | 26 | 22,26,30 | 22 |  | 26,44 |
mitogenic activity | equal | 5,21,32,41,42 | 32,33,41,42,54,55 | 9,11,14,16,17,19,28,29,31, 32,34,41,42,49,50,54 | 15,23,32,35,43,51 | 20,32,41,42,45 |
 | higher | 41,42 | 56 | 13,16,21,22,25-27,32,33,39, 41,42,46,55,56 |  | 44,56 |
 | lower |  |  |  |  |  |
apoptosis inhibition | equal | 36 | Â | 17,49 | Â | 52 |
 | higher |  | 56,57 | 52,56,57 | 36,52 | 36 |
 | lower |  | 40-42,54,56,57 | 40 | 23,40,43 | 40 |
Akt-activation | equal | 40-42 | 40-42 | 14,40,54 | 35,40 | 40-42 |
 | higher |  |  | 41,42 |  |  |
 | lower |  | 41,42,54 | 41,42,54 | 43 | 41,42 |
GSK-3 inactivation | equal | 40-42 | 41,42 | Â | 35 | Â |
 | higher |  |  |  |  |  |
 | lower | 40 | 41,42,56,53 | 41,42 | 23,40,43 | 40 |
Erk-phosphorylation | equal | 41,42 | 40-42 | 40 | 35,40 | 41,42,47 |
 | higher | 40 | 40 | 40 |  | 40 |
 | lower |  | 54 |  |  |  |
MAP-kinase activation | equal | Â | 41,42 | 14,54 | 23 | Â |
 | higher |  |  |  |  |  |