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Table 1 Bioactivities of insulin analogues versus human insulin

From: Differences in bioactivity between human insulin and insulin analogues approved for therapeutic use- compilation of reports from the past 20 years

  

Aspart

Detemir

Glargine

Glulisine

Lispro

 

lower

 

12,26,48,54

9,19,25,26

  

metabolic activity

equal

21,26,53

 

13,14,55

15,35

26,5

 

higher

     
 

lower

26

22,26,30

22

 

26,44

mitogenic activity

equal

5,21,32,41,42

32,33,41,42,54,55

9,11,14,16,17,19,28,29,31, 32,34,41,42,49,50,54

15,23,32,35,43,51

20,32,41,42,45

 

higher

41,42

56

13,16,21,22,25-27,32,33,39, 41,42,46,55,56

 

44,56

 

lower

     

apoptosis inhibition

equal

36

 

17,49

 

52

 

higher

 

56,57

52,56,57

36,52

36

 

lower

 

40-42,54,56,57

40

23,40,43

40

Akt-activation

equal

40-42

40-42

14,40,54

35,40

40-42

 

higher

  

41,42

  
 

lower

 

41,42,54

41,42,54

43

41,42

GSK-3 inactivation

equal

40-42

41,42

 

35

 
 

higher

     
 

lower

40

41,42,56,53

41,42

23,40,43

40

Erk-phosphorylation

equal

41,42

40-42

40

35,40

41,42,47

 

higher

40

40

40

 

40

 

lower

 

54

   

MAP-kinase activation

equal

 

41,42

14,54

23

 
 

higher

     
  1. Compliation of reports (numbers refer to the publications cited in the reference list) on bioactivities of the insulin analogues aspart, detemir, glargine, glulisine, and lispro versus human insulin.