Table 3 Univariate and multivariable analysis for factors associated with depression among study participants
Characteristic | Had depression n (%) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | < 0.001 | Â | < 0.001 | Â |
   Male | 85 (22.5) |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |
   Female | 302 (59.1) |  | 4.98 (3.69-6.72) |  | 6.91 (4.90-9.76) |
Age | Â | < 0.001 | Â | < 0.001 | Â |
   Up to 50 years | 125 (32.2) |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |
   > 50 years | 262 (52.3) |  | 2.71 (1.75-3.04) |  | 3.35 (2.42-4.65) |
Marital status | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
   Living with spouse | 325 (41.6) |  | 1.0 | -- | -- |
   Not living with spouse | 62 (57.9) |  | 1.94 (1.29-2.92) |  |  |
Education | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
   Up to 5 years of schooling | 161 (34.8) |  | 1.0 | -- | -- |
   > 5 years of schooling | 226 (52.9) |  | 2.10 (1.61-2.75) |  |  |
Duration of disease | Â | 0.030 | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than 5 years | 141 (39.2) |  | 1.0 | -- | -- |
   More than 5 years | 246 (46.5) |  | 1.35 (1.03-1.77) |  |  |
Taking treatment | Â | 0.406 | Â | Â | Â |
   Single drug therapy | 175 (45.1) |  | 1.0 | -- | -- |
   Multiple drug therapy | 212 (42.3) |  | 0.89 (0.68-1.17) |  |  |
Physically active | Â | < 0.001 | Â | Â | Â |
   Yes | 108 (35.1) |  | 1.0 | -- | -- |
   No | 279 (48.0) |  | 1.71 (1.29-2.28) |  |  |
Having Hypertension | Â | < 0.001 | Â | < 0.001 | Â |
   No | 185 (35.2) |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |
   Yes | 202 (55.6) |  | 2.31 (1.76-3.04) |  | 1.83 (1.34-2.50) |
Having IHD | Â | < 0.001 | Â | < 0.001 | Â |
   No | 261 (38.8) |  | 1.0 |  | 1.0 |
   Yes | 126 (58.3) |  | 2.21 (1.62-3.02) |  | 2.45 (1.70-3.53) |