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Table 1 Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

From: Metabolic syndrome is linked to a mild elevation in liver aminotransferases in diabetic patients with undetectable non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by ultrasound

Variables

Without MetS

With MetS

P value

N (%)

168 (26.6)

502 (74.9)

-

Age (years)

53.39 ± 10.34

54.36 ± 10.54

0.300

Females (n, %)

101 (60.11)

259 (51.59)

0.054

Diabetes duration (years)

5.94 ± 6.35

5.81 ± 5.46

0.800

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.96 ± 3.48

30.78 ± 4.69

< 0.001*

Waist circumference (cm)

88.59 ± 8.43

102.94 ± 8.67

< 0.001*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

78.77 ± 7.28

81.56 ± 8.19

< 0.001*

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

122.50 ± 13.92

130.94 ± 17.34

< 0.001*

Anti hypertensive medications a (n, %)

68 (40.50)

200 (39.84)

0.917

Anti-Diabetic Medications (n, %)

  

0.470

   No medication

0 (0)

2 (0.01)

 

   Glibenclamide

29 (17.8)

71 (14.1)

 

   Metformin

34 (20.2)

123 (24.5)

 

   Glibenclamide & Metformin

63 (37.5)

206 (41.0)

 

Lipid Lowering Agents (n, %)

  

0.189

   No medication

103 (61.31)

271 (53.98)

 

   Statins

53 (31.55)

174 (34.66)

 

   Fibrates

4 (2.38)

30 (5.97)

 

   Statins & Fibrates

8 (4.76)

22 (4.38)

 

HbA1c (%)

7.68 ± 1.92

8.03 ± 1.77

0.130

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

162.86 ± 58.13

166.49 ± 53.23

0.445

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

158.21 ± 90.03

213.01 ± 118.73

< 0.001*

HDL-C (mg/dL)

48.16 ± 11.26

44.23 ± 12.60

< 0.001*

LDL-C (mg/dL)

115.59 ± 37.77

111.73 ± 36.05

0.236

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

195.08 ± 44.84

197.29 ± 45.34

0.583

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

27.30 ± 15.23

31.76 ± 18.74

0.006*

Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

21.53 ± 9.58

24.17 ± 13.84

0.007*

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

148.44 ± 92.83

151.95 ± 77.01

0.653

  1. *P value < 0.05
  2. Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless stated otherwise.
  3. a Medication used for treatment of hypertension include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers.