Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the participants

Age, years

13.9 ± 1.9

14.7 ± 1.9

13.8 ± 2.0

Weight (kg)

51.6 ± 9.8

55.0 ± 11.1

54.1 ± 9.6

Height (cm)

154. 3 ± 8.9

158.4 ± 6.5

160.1 ± 7.2*

BMI (kg/m²)

21.7 ± 3.7

21.8 ± 3.6

20.9 ± 2,7*

WC (cm)

76.6 ± 10.0

76.2 ± 8.6

73. ± 7.4*

SBP (mm Hg)

119.1 ± 12.0

121.3 ± 13.2

124.5 ± 13.2

DBP (mmHg)

63.2 ± 7.5

64.9 ± 8.8

66.1 ± 9.2

TC (mg/dl)

157.5 ± 23.2

152.3 ± 26.7

151.1 ± 26.4*

HDL (mg/dl)

43.8 ± 14.2

46.9 ± 10.1

46.7 ± 11.1

LDL (mg/dl)

100.3 ± 20.8

93.8 ± 24.5

89.7 ± 26.3

TG (mg/dl)

66.8 ± 26.2

59.9 ± 18.4

57.4 ± 17.8*

Glucose (mg/dl)

83.1 ± 8.7

83.2 ± 6.5

84.6 ± 6.8

MRS

1.57 ± 4.2

0.13 ± 2.6

-0.39 ± 3.2*

PAI

9.8. ± 3.4

10.1 ± 3.7

11.6 ± 3.9*