Table 1 Principal Characteristics of the Participants (n = 2978).

Age (years)

41.1 ± 0.7

53.8 ± 0.5*

40.0 ± 0.4

54.1 ± 0.4*

Waist circumference (cm)

93.2 ± 0.6

99.5 ± 0.4*

90.9 ± 0.4

97.9 ± 0.4*

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

90.1 ± 0.5

174.3 ± 2.5*

91.5 ± 0.3

171.8 ± 2.1*

Insulin (U/l)

8.1 ± 0.3

8.9 ± 0.2

9.2 ± 0.2

9.0 ± 0.2

HOMA-IR (units)^a

1.8 ± 0.08

3.7 ± 0.11*

2.1 ± 0.04

3.7 ± 0.09*

TG (mg/dl)

162.2 ± 4.7

208.7 ± 6.8*

133.7 ± 2.1

198.8 ± 4.1*

HDL-C (mg/dl)

46.8 ± 0.6

42.1 ± 0.5*

50.9 ± 0.3

48.5 ± 0.4*

SBP (mmHg)

121.1 ± 0.8

127.8 ± 0.7*

115.2 ± 0.5

131.9 ± 0.7*

Abdominal obesity (%)^b

   ATP III

22.7

36.0*

54.0

80.7*

   IDF

48.5

72.0*

78.6

95.8*

   Modified IDF

58.8

85.7*

51.2

76.9*

TG ≥ 150 (%)

43.3

59.9*

33.7

65.8*

Low HDL-C (%)^c

26.8

46.4*

46.0

57.6*

Elevated blood pressure (%)^d

35.6

56.8*

27.4

65.7*

MetS (%)^e

   ATP III

23.0

67.6*

31.3

87.7*

   IDF

28.1

66.1*

36.0

89.9*

   Modified IDF

31.2

78.1*

26.8

72.9*