Association of the components of the metabolic syndrome with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease among normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents

Table 3 Odds ratio for elevated liver enzymes and sonographic fatty liver according to the number of the metabolic syndrome components and categories of body mass index before and after adjustment for age

Variables	Participants n (%) total:1110		Unadjusted for age OR (95% CI)				Adjust ed for age OR (95% CI)
		Participants who underwent sonogrphy n (%) total: 931	Elevated ALT	Elevated AST	Elevated ALP	Fatty liver	Elevated ALT	Elevated AST	Elevated ALP	Fatty liver
Number of components of the metabolic syndrome ^¶
0	210(18.9%)	183(19.7%)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
1	436(39.3%)	377(40.5%)	1.06 (0.05, 2.19)	1.73 (0.81,3.70)	1.34 (0.73,2.46)	2.85* (1.15, 7.06)	1.05 (0.51, 2.17)	1.75 (0.81, 3.74)	1.69 (0.89,3.17)	2.81* (1.13, 6.98)
2	383(34.5%)	311(33.4%)	1.61 (0.79, 3.27)	3.18* (1.52,6.67)	1.61 (0.87, 2.98)	2.78* (1.13, 6.85)	1.59 (0.78, 3.2)	3.22* (1.53,6.78)	2.14* (1.12, 4.07)	2.76* (1.12, 6.81)
≥ 3	81(7.3%)	60(6.4%)	3.69* (1.61, 8.45)	2.71* (1.05, 7.0)	0.74 (0.25, 2.19)	11.31** (3.9, 32.81)	3.55* (1.50,8.38)	2.86* (1.08, 7.6)	1.49 (0.49,4.59)	9.84** (3.32, 29.15)
Body mass index categories
Normal weight	438(39.5%)	389(41.8%)	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Overweight	377(34.0%)	314(33.7%)	2.22* (1.23,4.02)	1.32 (0.79,2.21)	0.87 (0.54,1.41)	10.53** (3.15, 35.23)	2.19* (1.20, 3.96)	1.89 (0.79, 2.25)	1.08 (0.66, 1.78)	10.05** (3.0, 33.62)
Obese	295(26.6%)	228(24.5%)	3.41** (1.87, 6.19)	1.92* (1.14, 3.25)	1.11 (0.67, 1.85)	121.84** (37.69, 393.83)	3.41* (1.87,6.20)	1.34* (1.12, 3.21)	1.05 (0.62, 1.76)	127.13** (39.2, 412.26)

^¶: The ORs (95% CIs) were calculated by performing logistic regression analysis to determine the risk of elevated ALT according to the number of components of the metabolic syndrome after adjustment for age and body mass index.
P value < 0.05; ** P value < 0.01

ISSN: 1758-5996