Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age, years

54±10 (30–100)

Body mass index (BMI), kg/m²

24.1±3.0 (14.8−36.5)

Hypertension, % (medication, %)

42.2 (23.8)

Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mmHg

123±12 (91–174)

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mmHg

78±8 (47–100)

Diabetes, % (medication, %)

33.6 (4.9)

Fasting blood glucose (FBG), mg/dL

109±18 (64–284)

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), (NGSP), %

5.8±0.6 (4.5−10.2)

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mL/min

69.4±12.8 (28.6−130.5)

Dyslipidemia, % (medication, %)

40.9 (12.4)

Total cholesterol (T-cho), mg/dL

204±33 (104–332)

Triglyceride (TG), mg/dL

140±94 (35–871)

High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), mg/dL

56±13 (27–97)

History of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, heart failure, and renal failure, %

0.8/0.2/0.6/0.6/23.8

Smoking (none-/ex--/current-), %

26.2/48.0/25.8

Brinkman index

383±352 (0–2000)

Serum Total-APN, μg/mL

6.8±3.6 (1.1−34.8)

Serum HMW-APN, μg/mL

4.9±3.6 (0.2−32.3)

Serum C1q-APN, units/mL

67.8±19.8 (31.6−209.3)

Serum C1q, μg/mL

56.7±9.8 (17.3−84.2)

Serum HWM-APN/Total-APN ratio

0.7±0.2 (0.2−1.3)

Serum C1q-APN/Total-APN ratio

11.5±4.6 (2.6−44.3)

Serum C1q-APN/HMW-APN ratio

20.4±17.0 (2.8−225.3)

Serum C1q-APN/C1q ratio

1.2±0.5 (0.5−4.0)